In the past 2 years (1999-2000) we have increasingly encountered to some patients who presented with intestinal obstruction or acute opiate intoxication due to smuggling of opium that wrapped in cellophan packages and concealed either by swallowing or by insertion into their rectum.We reviewed 13 cases of such patients who came to the emergency department of surgery at Imam Reza Hospital. The diagnosis of BODY packing was based on physical examination and questioning of the patient about bodily comcealment & plain abdominal X- ray. There were 12 men and one woman with mean age of 27.2 years (ranged 16-25 years). Their journeys commenced in eastern part of Khorasan province and Zahedan to the destination of Mashhad. 9 cases of BODY packers presented with clinical evidence of opiate intoxication due to packet rupture and resusciated with Naloxan prior to Laparatomy and four cases presented with symptoms and signs of intestinal obstruction.11 patients concealed the opiate packages by swallowing and 2 cases inserted the packages into their rectum.The procedures that carried out for removal of opiate packages via laparatomy were gastrotomy (7 cases) enterotomy (2 cases) resection and primary anastomosis of ileum (one case), partial resection of duodenum (one case). In 2 cases there were packages in the colon. So they milked gentely to the distal part of rectum and recovered from anus.From one to one hundred packages (mean 27.6) have been recovered from each case. Each package contained between 12-45gr opiate material. The time elapsed between bodily concealment to presentation were 1-5 days (mean 1.7 days). Mean hospital stay was 8.8 days (range 4-23 days) but in one case the hospital stay was a total of 138 days with multiple operations unfortunately this case passed away.

Background: During the last decade, increased rates of drug traffic have led the smugglers to use various methods. One of these methods of illicit drug smuggling is BODY packing. Smuggling by intra-abdominal concealment is called "BODY packing". In this research, mortality rate was investigated due to BODY packing in Tehran.Methods: A descriptive study (case series) was designed on all corpses referred to the Forensic Medicine Organization of Tehran between April 1999 - December 2000. Demographic data such as sex, age, marital status, addiction, job, education level, type of opioid and the weight, number of packets, and results of blood and urine morphine tests by thin-layer chromatographic method were investigated. Results: Continental system of law is used in Iran and 0.06% of the referred corpses to Forensic Medicine Organization of Tehran were BODY packers. There were 12 cases, all of them were men. The mean age of BODY packers was 43 years (range 20 – 62). The minimum weight of the packets was 20 g and the maximum weight was 1400 g (mean = 501 g). The minimum number of the packets was one and the maximum number of the packets was 48. Twenty five percent of the corps were putrefied and one corpse was mummified. None of the BODY packers had academic education nor were employed. Nine of them lived in cities. Twenty five percent of them were intravenous addicts. The corpses were found mostly in terminals (17%), roads (58%), and cities (25%). Conclusion: Hospital physicians may neglect this type of gastrointestinal foreign BODY if they are not aware of the BODY packer syndrome. BODY packing should be suspected in anyone with signs of drug-induced toxic effects after a recent arrival on city terminals or when there is no history of recreational drug use.

The BODY freedom flutter phenomenon is one of the aeroelastic instabilities that occurs due to the coupling of the aeroelastic bending mode of the wing with the short-period mode in the flight dynamics of the aircraft. By using the aeroservoelastic model and applying closed loop control, this phenomenon can be suppressed in the operating conditions of the aircraft and the velocity of this event can be increased. The simplest model aircraft capable of displaying this instability includes the flexible wing and the planar flight dynamics model. For this purpose, the wing structure is modeled using the Euler-Bernoulli beam and, the theory of minimum variable state is used to model unstable aerodynamics to make the conditions suitable for modeling the system in state space. In the control section, the elevator is used as the control surface and LQR theory with Kalman filter is used to BODY freedom flutter suppression. Finally, the effect of adding a closed loop control to increase the BODY freedom flutter velocity and the limitations of this work are studied.

Introduction. The study of gross anatomy has always been confronted with limitations including deterioration, bad odor of cadaver and fixative solutions. one of the modern preservation techniques is plastination. In this project a whole BODY was made by plastination technique.Methods. This study was carried out on a fresh human BODY after fixation of the cadaver. It was dissected carefully after 6 months. It was then dehydrated and defated in cold acetone (-25˚6) for 2 weeks and warm (35-40˚c) acetone for 4 weeks. finally it was impregnated by polymer under pressure of vaccum. Results. The plastinated specimens found to be immune from infection, deterioration and flexible without bad odor and showing natural color.Discussion. Plastination is a modern techinque that has many advantages to formaldehyde fixation especially for our country with limited source of BODY donation. Plastinated specimens can be unique material for teaching and can play a key role in solving our problem of cadaver shortage.  

An unknown 55 years old man with loss of consciousness, bradypnea, cyanosis and miotic pupil was referred to hospital from a bus terminal. Neurological examination revealed no lateralized sign and acrocyanosis was positive. A short time after administration of hypertonic glucose and naloxone, he had seizure, hypotension and apnea, therefore, he underwent intubation and mechanical ventilation. Primary laboratory examinations revealed respiratory acidosis and hypoxemia. After brain CT scanning and other lab tests, he received naloxone again and showed more consciousness. Since the man was on suspicion of BODY packing, plain abdomen X-ray was done and the existence of several packs was confirmed. Treatment by polyethylene glycol 2 lit/h and naloxone and serial activated charcoal started and finally, the patient excreted the packets and was then discharged with good condition.

This study aimed to estimate the genetic parameters of BODY weight traits in Markhoz goats, using B-spline random regression models. The data used in this study included 19549 records collected during 29 years (1992-2021) in Markhoz goat Breeding Research Station, located in Sanandaj, Iran. The model used to analyze data included fixed effects (year of birth, sex, type of birth and age of dam) and random effects including direct additive genetic, maternal additive genetic, permanent environmental and maternal permanent environmental assuming homogeneous and heterogeneous residual variance during the time. Akaike (BIC) and Bayesian (BIC) information criteria were used to compare the models and bspq.4.4.4.4 was selected as the best model. The direct heritability values for birth, 3-month, 6-month, 9-month and 12-month weights were estimated to be 0.14, 0.16, 0.08, 0.28 and 0.26, respectively. Genetic correlation between BODY weights at birth and 3-month, birth and 6-month, birth and 9-month, birth and 12-month, 3-month and 6-month, 3-month and 9-month, 3-month and 12-month, 6-months and 9-month and 9-month and 12-month were 0.22, 0.38, 0.21, 0.56, -0.26, 0.30, 0.62, 0.86 and 0.77, respectively. The highest phenotypic correlation was between the weight of 9-month and 12-month (0.82) and the lowest correlation was between birth weight and 3-month and 6-month (0.12). The results showed that the 9-month weight is a good criterion for selection in Markhoz goats.

Statement of Problem: Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are major parts of the occupational diseases in workplaces. Protection from such diseases is dependent on assessment and improvement of job postures by using job analysis methods in ergonomics. Purpose: This study was aimed to evaluate ergonomic conditions in dental professions by rapid entire BODY assessment (REBA) in Birjand city and also to assess the relation between MSDS in different parts of the BODY and work conditions.Materials and Methods: This study was a descriptive-analytical approach performed on 48 persons working at different professions by using REBA method. The prevalence of MSDs was obtained by using Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire (NMQ). The data were analyzed by independent t-test, Chi-square and Fisher tests with P<0.05 as the limit of significance. Results: In this investigation, the prevalence of disorders for different parts of the BODY was as follows: 65% for neck, 60% for back, 38% for shoulders, and 31% for wrist. These disorders were higher in women than men except for the back. There were significant correlation between disorders of femur and foreleg with work history, ankle and sole with BODY mass index (BMI), and MSDs with work conditions (P<0.05).Conclusion: It is concluded that the work conditions and postures need to be improved. In addition the level of dental professional education regarding biomechanical hazardous effects as well as correct work conditions and postures should be increased.

Background and Objectives: The primary oocyte of almost all animals contains a transitory complex called Balbiani bodies. The establishment of oocyte asymmetry is a key prerequisite for successful development across the animal kingdom, and a structure of the oocyte thought to be responsible for determining cytoplasmic polarity is the so-called Balbiani BODY. Due to the scarcity of published information and the great variation in appearance, ultrastructure, and functional homology between species, the molecular structure of Balbiani bodies remains a mystery. Methods: The purpose of the present study is to accurately identify the 6 different colors of zebrafish and record its genomic information in the gene bank, as well as to examine the details of the species in the samples by optical microscopy. For this purpose, first the species were identified genetically and then the ovaries were examined histologically and histometrically after tissue passage. Findings: The findings showed that all 6 studied samples are Danio rerio (Hamilton, 1822). Balbiani bodies were observed in all the studied samples in the previtellogenic stage. Conclusion: Balbiani BODY in all samples were very similar in terms of appearance, position and size. In the oocyte of sample number 5, two Balbiani bodies were observed, with the difference that all other 5 samples contained one parietal BODY.

One method of drug smuggling is BODY packing or BODY stuffing, placement of narcotics (opium, heroin, hashish, …) inside intestinal tract for transfer from city to city or country to country. Estimating of the methods for transferring, content of packets, packaging, cause of death and results of diagnostic and therapeutic methods can effectively decrease the number of BODY packer and law execution.This study is case series by randomized sampling. Several parameters such as sex, age, marital status, addiction, job, level of education, type of opioids and their weight and number of packets, result of abdominal X-ray, surgery needs, were collected from April 1999 to December 2000.Through this period of time, 32 male smuggler who had swallowed drug packets were detained. The average age was 41 years (max=62, min=20). The minimum weight of the opium carried by this smugglers was below 20 gram and maximum weight was 1000 grams (median=360 grams). The minimum number of packets were one packet and maximum number of packets were 54 (median=10 packets). In 84 percent of BODY smugglers the content of packets was opium, 13 percent was heroin and 3 percent was hashish. From the cases, 81 percent of smugglers were addicts themselves. Death occurred in 7 cases from which 3 were after surgery.